Section I: Multiple Choice Questions
Select the correct answer:
1. Nephron, the functional unit of kidney is composed of all of the following except:
- A) Bowman's capsules
- B) loop of Henle
- C) glomerulus
- D) ureter
2. Osmoregulation involves:
- A) active transport
- B) diffusion
- C) facilitated diffusion
- D) osmosis
3. Urine passes from bladder to the:
- A) medulla
- B) urethra
- C) ureter
- D) cortex
4. Where is urea produced?
- A) urinary bladder
- B) blood cells
- C) kidney
- D) liver
5. Which substance is present at a lower concentration in the renal artery than in the renal vein?
- A) amino acid
- B) carbon dioxide
- C) glucose
- D) urea
6. In a kidney machine what must be at the same concentration in the dialysis fluid and in the blood?
- A) glucose and salts
- B) protein
- C) urea
- D) water
7. The four structures listed are part of the human excretory system.
1. bladder 2. kidney 3. ureter 4. urethra
In which order does a molecule of urea pass through these structures?
| First | Last | ||
| A) 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| B) 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| C) 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| D) 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
8. In a kidney machine, which of the following passes from the blood to the dialysis fluid?
- A) glucose
- B) plasma protein
- C) red blood cells
- D) urea
9. Which blood vessel carries blood with the lowest concentration of urea?
- A) hepatic portal vein
- B) pulmonary vein
- C) renal vein
- D) vena cava
10. Lithotripsy is a procedure that breaks large kidney stones into smaller ones by using:
- A) X-rays
- B) microwaves
- C) sound waves
- D) ultraviolet rays
11. Which row shows substances that are present in each of the structures of excretory system of a healthy human?
| Renal artery | Renal vein | Ureter | Urinary bladder | |
| A) | glucose | glucose | salts | urea |
| B) | protein | salts | water | protein |
| C) | salts | water | protein | glucose |
| D) | urea | glucose | protein | salts |
12. The filtration of waste takes place inside the kidneys in:
- A) ureter
- B) urethra
- C) urinary bladder
- D) nephron
13. The function of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of the nephron is to
- A) reabsorb water into the blood
- B) eliminate ammonia from the body
- C) reabsorb salts and amino acids
- D) filter the blood and capture the filtrate
14. Evidence for glomerular filtration in the kidney could be obtained by comparing the sizes of the molecules present in Bowman's capsule with those in the
- A) afferent blood vessel
- B) collecting duct
- C) loop of Henle
- D) proximal tubule
Section II: Short Answer Questions
1. What is the role of urinary system in the body?