Genesis of Kashmir Issue
At the time of establishment of Pakistan, Muslims of the state of Jammu and Kashmir wanted Kashmir to be included in Pakistan. But the Hindu ruler of the state wanted to join India. He signed an agreement with Indian government to join India against the wishes of the people of state. India entered its army in Kashmir and took its control. The Kashmiri Muslims raised the banner of jihad and liberated about one third of the Kashmir from Indian forces.
1. United Nations Intervention and its Declaration on Jammu and Kashmir
When the Indian forces failed in taking the area from the control of the Kashmiri Mujahdeen, India took the issue to the Security Council. India took the position that Kashmir had formally annexed to India, so the area is part of India. India further claimed that Pakistan had invaded Kashmir, which meant an attack on India.
Pakistan challenges legitimacy of Indian claim on Kashmir and Pakistan presented the case of Kashmir in Security Council stressing that the people of Kashmir should have the right to decide the future of Kashmir not Raja of the state.
The Security Council passed a resolution in 1949 which called for ceasefire in Kashmir. The ceasefire came into effect after this resolution. In its declaration, the Security Council acknowledged Pakistan's position that the future of Kashmir would be decided by the will of the people of the state. A plebiscite will be held under the supervision of the United Nations for this purpose.
Pakistan and India both accepted the resolution of the Security Council. In accordance with the first part of the Security Council resolution, war in Kashmir ended on the stipulated time. To prevent ceasefire violations, the United Nations appointed observers to monitor the ceasefire line.