1.1 Machine Level Representation of data

"Machine level representation of data" refers to how information is encoded and stored in a computer's memory, which is understood by the machine's hardware. At this level, data is represented using binary digits (bits), which are either 0s or 1s.

Binary Representation:

At the machine level, all data is represented using binary digits. A binary digit, or a bit, can have one of two states: 0 or 1. These bits are the fundamental units of information in a computer. For example:

The decimal number 5 is represented in binary as 101.

The ASCII character 'A' is represented as 01000001 in binary.

A color in an image might be represented as a combination of binary values for red, green, and blue components.