Asample of a gas can be characterized by four variables: 1. The number of moles of a gas(n) 2. Volume(V) 3. Pressure(P) 4. Temperature(T) The relationships that express the influence of one variable on another with two variables constant are called gas laws.
2.4.1 Boyle's Law
It states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Mathematically,
Diagram image pending upload by Admin.
Kinetic Particle Theory Interpretation Effect of Volume on Pressure:
When the volume of a gas decreases, the gas particles have less space to move around. This results in more frequent collisions with the walls of the container, thereby increasing the pressure. Conversely, if the volume increases, the particles collide with the walls less often, decreasing the pressure.
Constant Temperature:
The average kinetic energy of the particles remains constant since the temperature does not change. The speed of the particles does not change, but the frequency of collisions with the container walls changes due to the volume change.
2.4.2 Charles's Law
It states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. Mathematically,
Diagram image pending upload by Admin.