| Class Name | Functional Group | Class Formula | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohols Primary | -CH2-OH | R-CH2-OH | H3C-CH2-OH |
| Secondary | -CH-OH | R CH-OH R' | H3C CH-OH H3C |
| Tertiary | -C-OH | R R-C-OH R | CH3 H3C-C-OH CH3 |
| Ethers | -O- | R-O-R | H3C-O-CH3 |
| Aldehydes | O -C-H | O R-C-H | O H3C-C-H |
| Ketones | O -C- | O R-C-R | O H3C-C-CH3 |
| Carboxylic acids | O -C-OH | O R-C-OH | O H3C-C-OH |
| Esters | O -C-OR | O R-C-OR | O H3C-C-OC2H5 |
11.5.2 Functional Group Containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen:
The organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen as functional group are called as amines. Their functional group is - NH2 and their general formula is R- NH2. Examples of amines are:
Diagram image pending upload by Admin.
11.5.3 Functional Group Containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Halogens:
The organic compounds having functional group containing carbon, hydrogen and halogens are called alkyl halides. Their functional group is R- X. 'X' may be F, Cl, Br or I.
| Class Name | Functional Group | Class Formula | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkyl Halides a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary | -CH2-X CH-X CH-X CH-X CH-X | R-CH2-X R CH-X R R-CH-X R | H3C-CH2-X Ethyl halide H3C CH-X sec-Propyl halide H3C CH3 H3C-C-X ter-Butyl halide CH3 |
11.5.4 Double and Triple Bond:
Hydrocarbon consisting of double bonds between two carbon atoms in their molecules are called as alkenes, such as: