CONCEPTS OF ACIDS AND BASES - PUNJAB-BOARD / 10TH-CLASS / CHEMISTRY / 10-CHEMISTRY-1-19-10TH-CLASS-NBF-2024 / ACID-BASES-AND-SALTS / CONCEPTS-OF-ACIDS-AND-BASES

10.1 Concepts of Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are recognized by their characteristic properties, such as:

📊 Data TableScroll ↔

Table 1.2 Acids and bases are recognized by their characteristic properties, such as:
Acids	Bases
1. Acids have sour taste. For example, unripe citrus fruits or lemon juice.	1. Bases have bitter taste and feel slippery, for example, soap is slippery to touch.
2. They turn blue litmus red.	2. They turn red litmus blue.
3. They are corrosive in concentrated form.	3. They are non-corrosive except concentrated forms of NaOH and KOH.
4. Their aqueous solutions conduct electric current	4. Their aqueous solutions conduct electric current.

10.1.1 Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases

According to Arrhenius concept (1787):

Acid is a substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions. In general, the ionization of acids take place as follows.

H A_{(a q)} \overset{w a t e r}{\to} H_{(a q)}^{+} + A_{(a q)}^{-}

For example, substances such as $H C l$ ${H N O}_{3}$ ${C H}_{3}$ $C O O H$ $H C N$ etc., are acids because they ionize in aqueous solutions to provide $H^{+}$ ions.

H C l_{(a q)} \overset{w a t e r}{\to} H_{(a q)}^{+} + C l_{(a q)}^{-}

\mathrm{HNO_{3(aq)}}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{water}}\mathrm{H^{+}_{(aq)}}+\mathrm{NO_{3}^{-}_{(aq)}}